To play or understand handball effectively, you need a clear understanding of the court layout and the different zones that dictate gameplay. The handball court is more than just a playing surface—each line and area has a specific purpose that shapes how the game flows. This guide breaks down each section of the court and explains how it’s used in a match.
Dimensions of a Handball Court
A standard handball court is 40 metres long and 20 metres wide, with boundary lines defining the edges. It features two goal areas and a central zone for restarts. It’s typically played indoors on a hard surface.
Key measurements:
- Court Length: 40 metres
- Court Width: 20 metres
- Goal Area Radius: 6 metres from the goal
- Penalty Line Distance: 7 metres from the goal
- Free-Throw Line: 9 metres from the goal
The Goal Area (6-Metre Line)
This semicircular area in front of each goal is reserved for the goalkeeper. Outfield players must not step into this area when playing the ball. However, players may jump into it if they release the ball before landing.
Key rules:
- Only the goalkeeper may stand in this zone
- Attackers can shoot while in the air if they jumped from outside the 6-metre line
- Defenders cannot enter the goal area to block
The Goalposts and Goal
The goals measure 2 metres in height and 3 metres in width, with a net attached. They’re positioned at the centre of each end line. The goal area is defined by the curved 6-metre line in front of the posts.
Goals are valid only if:
- The ball fully crosses the goal line
- No rules are violated during the attempt
The 7-Metre Line (Penalty Line)
Used for penalty throws, this line is exactly 7 metres from the goal. Players take a stationary shot against the goalkeeper from this point.
Penalty throws are awarded for:
- Serious defensive fouls
- Fouls that deny a clear scoring chance
The 9-Metre Line (Free-Throw Line)
This dashed line surrounds the goal area and marks where most free throws are taken. It’s also referred to as the broken line. If a foul occurs inside the 9-metre zone, the attacking team usually restarts play from just outside this line.
Common free throw scenarios:
- Minor infractions by defenders
- Passive play warnings
The Substitution Area
Located along each sideline near the halfway line, the substitution area is where players enter and exit the game. There are no limits to substitutions, but players must use the correct area and avoid entering prematurely.
Key rules:
- Exiting player must be fully off before the substitute enters
- Illegal substitutions result in suspensions
The Centre Line and Throw-Off
The centre line divides the court into two halves. The game begins with a throw-off from this line, which also restarts play after each goal.
Throw-off rules:
- The team not scoring restarts the game
- All players must be in their half before the throw
Sidelines and Goal Lines
- Sidelines: Define the left and right boundaries of the court
- Goal Lines: Define the front and back of the playing area
When the ball crosses:
- A sideline: It’s awarded to the opposition for a throw-in
- A goal line (not resulting in a goal): It’s either a goalkeeper throw or corner throw, depending on who touched it last
Markings for Officials
The court includes markings to assist referees and officials with decision-making, including:
- Timekeeper’s desk location
- Technical areas for coaches
- Scoreboard placement
These ensure the match flows smoothly and stays within regulatory standards.
Importance of Court Familiarity
Knowing the handball court layout allows players to:
- Position themselves more effectively
- Understand the significance of fouls in certain zones
- Use space strategically during attack and defence
Understanding the layout also benefits coaches, referees, and spectators by improving decision-making, rule enforcement, and overall appreciation of the game.
Final Thoughts
Whether you’re new to handball or an experienced player, knowing the court layout is essential for success and enjoyment. Each zone plays a vital role in how handball is played, from goal scoring to defence and tactical movement.
Take the time to familiarise yourself with these key areas, and you’ll be well on your way to mastering handball’s unique spatial demands.
